IB or A Levels: which will get you further?

When it comes to preparing for university, UK students have long debated whether the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma or A-Levels provide the best foundation for success. Both qualifications have established histories and strong advocates in educational and political spheres. Understanding the key differences between these two pathways is essential for making the right choice.

The IB Diploma as an alternative to A-Levels 

The IB Diploma is an alternative to A Levels for students aged 16-18 and requires no specific preparatory classwork, so can be undertaken directly from GCSEs. It offers a broad curriculum made up of six subject groups – students usually study three at a higher level and three at a standard level.

The six subject groups are Studies in Language and Literature, Language Acquisition, Individuals and Societies, Sciences, Mathematics, and the Arts. Each subject is graded on a scale of 1 (minimum) to 7 (maximum). To pass the IB Diploma requires a minimum score of 24 points (260 UCAS points), and the successful completion of the DP Core requirements which carry an additional 3 points. The maximum score achievable by any student is 45 points.

Importantly, the main aim of the DP Core is to broaden students’ education experiences and challenge their application of knowledge and skills. The Theory of Knowledge asks students to reflect on the nature of knowledge; Community, Action, Service (CAS) requires students to take part in a range of activities and projects such as music, sports or fundraising; while the Extended Essay is an independent piece of research, culminating in a university-level 4,000-word paper.

What are A-Levels?

A-Levels (short for Advanced levels) are UK national curriculum school-leaving qualifications that are taken by many students in the UK. Students usually choose three or four subjects, and take two years to study for these A-levels between the ages of 16 and 18. Pass grades are A* (the top grade), followed by A, B, C, D and E. One similarity between the IB Diploma and A Levels is that both qualifications are assessed by exams at the end of a two-year study period.

The Extended Qualification

Most pupils taking three A Levels will also take an Extended Project Qualification (EPQ). The EPQ is optional for those taking four A Levels. The EPQ offers students the opportunity to complete a significant piece of self-directed research to encourage more critical, reflective and independent learning. The EPQ is valued by universities and is often explicitly mentioned in university offers to pupils studying the A Level programme.

Recent Reforms to A Levels: Does this change things?

Reforms to A Levels have been underway since September 2016, resulting a fundamental change to how the programme is delivered. The Government website outlines these changes, however we’ve summarised below.

Under the old system, students studied AS levels in Year 12 and took exams in May/June which counted towards 50% of the overall A-level qualification. Under the new system, all A-level exams will take place at the end of Year 13, with no marks from AS levels contributing to the overall final grade. AS levels can still be taken but are now standalone qualifications.

All A-level subjects now follow revised subject content set out by the Department for Education. In subjects like mathematics, modern foreign languages, and geography, this content was developed with support from the A Level Content Advisory Board (ALCAB).

The new system focuses less on coursework and practical assessments, placing a greater emphasis on examinations. Non-exam assessment is now only included where knowledge or skills cannot be validly tested in a written exam. The mathematical content of many subjects has increased, and assessment is intended to be more challenging. All A-level exams take place in the summer, and grades will continue to be awarded on an A*-E scale.

In Summary: IB vs A Levels – which is best?

The IB Diploma offers a different approach to assessment and education philosophy compared to A-Levels. While A-Levels focus on specific, individual subjects with optional extracurricular activities, the IB Diploma emphasises a holistic education centred on core competencies, skills, and values, critical to student development. The IB Diploma requires students to study a broader range of subjects, encouraging them to explore connections between disciplines within an international context.

While the new linear A Level system aims to raise academic standards, it places a heavy emphasis on end-of-course exams and rote learning. This approach can increase pressure on students and reduce opportunities to demonstrate progress over time. In contrast, the IB takes a more balanced approach, combining final exams with internal assessments, coursework, and ongoing evaluation throughout the two-year programme.

So which one is right for me?

The IB Diploma is ideal for students who prefer a broad curriculum and are willing to work diligently in a structured environment, even when faced with subjects that challenge them.

In contrast, A-Levels suit students who have a clear focus on specific subjects and want to leverage their strengths in a more flexible, less structured environment.

How do UK universities rate the IB Diploma?

ACS International Schools (Cobham, Egham and Hillingdon), conducted research with the IB and the IB Schools and Colleges Association (IBSCA), surveying 80 UK university admissions officers, representing nearly half of UK universities. The results might surprise many British families: these universities overwhelmingly view the IB Diploma as better preparation for both university and the workplace.

The IB Diploma is consistently rated as the top post-16 qualification, equipping students with the skills necessary to excel in higher education.

Given the rising costs of UK university education and the increasing globalisation of the job market, it’s important to note that the IB Diploma is highly regarded not only in the UK but also at universities across Europe and around the world. It is valued for its academic rigour, breadth, and high level of study skills.

Ultimately, the decision between the IB Diploma and A-Levels depends on a student’s academic goals and life aspirations. Both qualifications can benefit students pursuing specialised degrees. However, the IB Diploma offers the added advantage of keeping options open with a broader education, making it an excellent preparation for university and future careers.